TNT Saved Hinduism; Dravidia preserved Aryavarta?
S. Qureshi: βMuslims are today a majority of the population >50% of North British India. If peninsular south was made into its own country in 1947, India would be a Muslim majority country today. Many Muslims actually wanted South India to be a separate country and North India (including Pakistan/Bengal) to be one unit. To say that Indian Muslims who lived in the historical centre of Muslim power for centuries would just get up and leave for Pakistan is just farcical and delusional. These types of ideas were only proposed by extreme right-wing Hindu organizations after partition, and these ideas seem to become mainstream today with BJP. Historical reality, like always, is very different.β
The demographic map of the subcontinent tells a startling story. If South India had formed a separate state in 1947, the rest of British India β encompassing Pakistan, Bangladesh, and the northern Hindi belt β would today constitute a Muslim-majority civilizational bloc. This isnβt conjecture. Itβs arithmetic.
The Numbers That Reorder the Narrative
Hereβs what the Indo-Gangetic arc looks like today (please fact check me):
Region | Pop. (2024) | Muslim % | Muslim Pop. |
---|---|---|---|
Pakistan | ~240M | ~96% | ~230M |
Bangladesh | ~170M | ~90% | ~153M |
Uttar Pradesh | ~240M | ~19% | ~46M |
Bihar | ~130M | ~17% | ~22M |
West Bengal | ~100M | ~27% | ~27M |
Assam | ~35M | ~35% | ~12M |
Total | ~915M | β | ~490β500M Muslims |
This zone β from the Indus to the Brahmaputra β forms the heart of historic Muslim rule and Indo-Islamic culture. It now holds a Muslim plurality by any fair reckoning.
Meanwhile, South Indiaβs states β Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana β collectively remain over 85% Hindu, with Muslims forming a small minority in each. Their inclusion at Independence was numerically decisive: it is South India that gives modern India its Hindu supermajority. Hence the importance perhaps of South Indians identifying by religion rather than racial or linguistic identity (the spectrum from Karnataka to Tamil Nadu is evident).
Partition Didnβt Remove Muslims β It Dispersed and Disabled Them
The post-Partition fantasy that Muslims would simply βgo to Pakistanβ never materialized. Over 100 million remained in India, and today, they form one of the worldβs largest Muslim populations. Yet Partition fractured Muslim political coherence across the region:
- In Pakistan, the elite Muslim leadership fled from India but failed to root a stable democratic order.
- In Bangladesh, Muslims gained sovereignty but not ideological clarity, emerging from the trauma of being a colony within a colony.
- In India, Muslims became a politically orphaned minority, without the leadership or institutional protection to assert influence at scale.
Partitionβs hidden function wasnβt to separate Hindus from Muslims β it was to atomize Muslim political power so that it could never again dominate the northern plain. There are over 20 Arab nations, more than 50 Muslim-majority countries, and dozens of post-colonial African states β fragmented, often weak, and locked in regional rivalries. Nothing builds enduring national success like scale.
Thatβs precisely why the American Founding Fathers didnβt just seek independence β they rebelled against balkanisation. They chose federation over fragmentation, understanding that power grows when you unify, not when you splinter.
Was the Internal Map Engineered?
Were Indiaβs internal borders were also quietly redrawn to harden majoritarianism?
- The 2000 creation of Jharkhand, Uttarakhand, and Chhattisgarh carved out tribal and resource-rich regions from larger, more Muslim-heavy states β reinforcing demographic control. Or maybe it was vice-versa, them seeking liberation from larger entities?
- The merger and subjugation of Hyderabad after 1948 eliminated a powerful Muslim-led princely state from the federal imagination.
- The formation of Telangana avoided disrupting Hindu dominance, despite its linguistic and historical uniqueness.
These werenβt just administrative decisions. They were part of an unspoken strategy to perhaps moderate Muslim density and influence while preserving the political integrity of a Hindu-majority republic (80% is the golden mean).
The Indo-Gangetic Plain: Still Muslimesque, Still Marginalised
Itβs worth repeating: the Indo-Gangetic plain β from Lahore to Patna β remains the civilizational core of Indo-Islamic heritage. These were capitals, not peripheries. Yet today, they sit at the edge of nationalist mythmaking β geographically central, but ideologically erased.
The attempt to recast Muslims as outsiders in this space is not just revisionism; it is an erasure of civilizational memory.
Conclusion
If South India had gone its own way in 1947 β as Qureishi claims some Muslim thinkers proposed β the rest of British India would today be overwhelmingly Muslim. Partition didnβt purify the map. It surgically amputated political capacity from the largest Muslim population bloc on earth.
South India (my favourite part of the Indian Subcontinent) didnβt just stay Indian.
It made India Hindu.
Just one point.
If Pakistan had remained part of India, then it would also have been subject to the government’s population control schemes, post 90s Westernization/liberalization and would not have Zia’s Islamization/conservative nature.
So it’s fertility rate would be closer to India/Bangladesh than what it is.
Considering Pakistan had a smaller population than Bangladesh in 1971, it would probably have around 160m people.
Great point
Pakistan has had population planing programs since the 1950’s. It hasn’t made any dent in fertility rate, infact Pakistan’s TFR now has stablized around 3.4-3.6 for the past 10 years now.
I think birth rates around the world are plunging; I imagine the South Asian Muslim & African TFRs will start going down as well.
Not even at the same level as Indian/Bangladeshi programs.
Indian Muslims – 2.36
Bangladesh – 2.1
Pakistan – 3.5
If 3.5 remains Pak’s TFR for the foreseeable future, Pak will remain poor and be left even more behind.
Yes TFRs should actually plunge world wide and then maybe βone & done.β
Iβm not so worried about βdepopulation.β I think Humankind needs to really reflect on quality rather than quantity; of course those who can and want should have more.
it is said that one of the factors which favoured partition was the attitude of muslim members in the interim assemblies and at centre(?) where any measure of congress ( predominantly Hindu) was blocked by muslims.
i have read some where that had partition not taken place, india would have become a bigger lebanon or belgium.
counterfactuals are difficult to guess
1) The Gangetic plains are the center of Indian-Muslim civilization and thus the marginalization of Gangetic Muslims by Hindu radicals will not succeed in the long term with Muslim population increasing here.. The reduced Muslim status is basically due to lagging economic growth of UP/Bihar/WB compared to coastal India.
2) Most of Pakistan (and even Bangladesh) is not part of this Gangetic Muslim civilization. Only Lahore and its surrounding Majha region may be on the periphery of this grouping, but historically 95% of Pakistan (and Kashmir) was not really Mughal or any integral part of North Indian Sultanates before them, but much more independent. Sindh, KP and Baluchistan and NW Punjab don’t have much similarity culturally, linguistically or even racially with North Indian Muslims, let alone North Indian Hindus.
3) Indo-Muslim and Indian-Hindu are not the same civilization, the differences are greater than any similarities in beliefs, religion, diet, historical heroes and general culture. Any semblance of unity is just an uneasy alliance. This is not an alarmist statement because this is on course for Indian society in general. The differences between Upper and Lower caste Hindus are probably greater and has been so for thousands of years now.
By your message do Sindh, KP, Baluch & NW Punjab (let’s not forget Seraikistan) have anything in common with each other?
If Pakistan & India are Imperialist states, then would South Asia be better as 30-40 Bangladesh’s?
Baluchistan has >50% Pasthoon, Sindh is 30-40% ethnic Sindhi speaking Baloch, and Seraiki belt is more closer to Sindh than North Punjab (seeing that historically it was part of Sindh). Potohar Plateu is also very distinct from Majha region of Punjab and more close to KP Hindkowan. Gb is completely different entirely.
The only two groups that share anything in common with Indian Muslims are Lahore/Majha Punjabis and Muhajirs in Karachi/Hyderabad. Historically these two cities have had an overweight age on Pakistani cultural landscape, and are still central, but their relative relevance is now declining. Also, muhajir newer generations don’t want anything to do with India, and you will see that Karachi elites now don’t care much about India apart from some minor interest about ancetsry and origin. Lahori elites still didn’t get the memo, but after recent skirmish, maybe they now have.
Pakistan’s size is fine, India is too large, and Bangladesh too small.
Weβll have to disagree.
India is shining now
but i don’t think it is irrelevant that muslim majority regions would have been liminal. literally
The American Founding Fathers did not have to worry about religious fragmentation. The natives were either exterminated or converted. It was literally one nation under God.
Karnataka has a 20% Muslim population. Kerala is barely 55% Hindu. So yes, the anxiety is real.
Counting entire Pakistan but not counting Punjab, Haryana, Himanchal, UK, Rajasthan, MP, Jharkhand, Chattisgarh, Gujrat? Counting Bangladesh but ignoring Nepal …
You can count those and still it’s more or less 50-50
Giving rough population*(100-2*muslim percentage)/100 to give the ‘extra’ hindus(+sikhs+…) :
Haryana adds 18.5 million, Rajasthan 61.5 million, MP 59.5, Chattisgarh 21.9, Jharkhand 28, Gujrat 57, UK 6.6, Himanchal 6, Nepal 27, Arunachal 1.3, Nagaland 1.7, Tripura 3, J and K -5, Sikkim and Mizoram 1, Delhi 15 .
300 million additional non Muslims that XTM ‘forgot’ to count! in these states alone If you add Orissa it would be another 40 million. If you add Maharashtra another 90 million. Greater India – SI has 430 million more non muslims than muslims.
430 – 85, still 350 million.
Yes it’s obviously wrong, all the calculations are simply curve fit to get the 50-50. Also pre partition the states were not linguistic like they are now. Depends on how far up the peninsula you want to make the cut off, you could draw ‘what if’ lines all day, there is no way to fit religion + linguistic + caste divides into any sort of homogeneity.
Also Islam is pretty effective on growth whether by TFR or conversion, Muslim percentages have increased in every country in the sub continent (when there is room to grow, beyond 95% it is meaningless).
I literally did ask to be fact checker; Iβm giving an exposition not gospel. Exploring counterfactuals is always going to be a bit touch and go.
MP, UP, Bihar are not linguistic entities by any stretch of the imagination.
Of course Anish & Xperia are right; the Indo-Gangetic plain would still be majority Hindu depending on how one defines it ..
A lot of Pakistan would have to be excluded while Haryana & Punjab should be added back even though Haryana is rain-fed rather than river fed (correct me if I am wrong)
This comparison isn’t apples to apples because you’re only including UP, Bihar, WB, and Assam. But in the context of Pakistan, you’re including non-Indo-Gangetic regions such as Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Balochistan, Azad Kashmir, Gilgit Baltistan.
If we’re looking at the Northern Subcontinent cultural zone, you should also obviously include Indian Punjab (i.e., Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh); Rajasthan (while not strictly in the Indo-Gangetic arc, it’s much more core to the Northern Subcontinent cultural zone than Khyber Pakhtunkhwa or Assam); Delhi NCT (the capital of this cultural zone); Uttarakhand (if other hilly areas like Pakistani Kashmir and Himachal are included, this should too); Madhya Pradesh, the part north of the Vindhyas; and given that Assam and the hilly parts of Bangladesh, like the Chittagong Hill Tracts, are included, why wouldn’t the rest of Northeast India be included?
No doubt that as a result of the enormous fertility differences between Hindus and Muslims the Muslim population is catching up to parity in the Northern Subcontinent cultural zone, but this comparison is poorly done in this post.
this went to spam for some reason.. but maybe ur first comment?
Used to comment a lot more back in the day! Lol