An interesting sidelight from Islamic history, by Ali MInai. Originally published on his blog “Barbarikon“, reposted here with Ali Minai’s permission.
The Caliph and the Imam
A Shocking Decision
Sometime in 816 CE â year 200 in the Hijri calendar of Islam â the seventh Abbasid Caliph al-Mamun made a very strange decision. If near-contemporary historical narratives are to be believed, he offered his throne â and thus power over lands from India to Morocco â to the leader of his fiercest opponents, the Shiâa. It was a breathtakingly audacious decision â so audacious that it failed almost immediately. The eighth infallible Imam of the Shiâa, âAli bin Musa al-Rida, was not interested.  Al-Mamun had to recalibrate, and he did so by nominating Ali al-Rida as his successor. The Imam demurred again, but this time the Caliph was adamant: The Imam must accept or he and his family would suffer. Imam Ali al-Ridaâs family was no stranger to suffering. Almost all of his ancestors â direct descendants to the Prophet himself â had been persecuted, many martyred or imprisoned. His own father, the seventh Imam Musa al-Kadhim, had perished as a prisoner of al-Mamunâs father, the famous Harun al-Rashid of A Thousand and One Nights. Whatever the reasons, Ali al-Rida acquiesced, and on the 27th day of Ramadan in 201 AH (April 18, 817 CE), he was proclaimed âwali âahd al-musliminâ â the designated successor to the 31-year old al-Mamun. Coins were soon minted asserting this new designation â the standard way of declaring authority â and the traditional black flags of the Abbasids were replaced by the green flags of the Shiâa Imams. A little more than a year later, the Imam was dead. Al-Mamun would rule for another fifteen years.
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